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Arch of Titus
The Arch of Titus ((イタリア語:Arco di Tito); (ラテン語:Arcus Titi)) is a 1st-century A.D. honorific arch,〔It was not a triumphal arch; Titus' triumphal arch was in the Circus Maximus.〕 located on the Via Sacra, Rome, just to the south-east of the Roman Forum. It was constructed in c. A.D. 82 by the Emperor Domitian shortly after the death of his older brother Titus to commemorate Titus' victories, including the Siege of Jerusalem (70 AD). The arch has provided the general model for many triumphal arches erected since the 16th century—perhaps most famously it is the inspiration for the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.
==History==
Based on the style of sculptural details, Domitian's favored architect Rabirius, sometimes credited with the Colosseum, may have executed the arch. Without contemporary documentation, however, attributions of Roman buildings on basis of style are considered shaky.
The medieval Latin travel guide Mirabilia Urbis Romae noted the monument, writing: "the arch of the Seven Lamps of Titus and Vespasian; (is Moses his candlestick having seven branches, with the Ark, at the foot of the Cartulary Tower" )〔In English (); In Latin: "Arcus septem lucernarum Titi et Vespasiani, ubi est candelabrum Moysi cum arca habens septem brachia in piede turris cartulariae", (Mirabilia Urbis Romae ), page 4〕〔For a review of historical references to the Arch of Titus, see: Élisabeth Chevallier, Raymond Chevallier, (Iter Italicum: les voyageurs français à la découverte de l'Italie ancienne ), Les Belles Lettres, 1984, ISBN 9782251333106, pages 274-91〕
The Frangipani family turned it into a fortified tower in the Middle Ages.〔''A Let's Go City Guide: Rome'', p. 76, Vedran Lekić, 2004; ISBN 1-4050-3329-0.〕 It was one of the first buildings sustaining a modern restoration, starting with Raffaele Stern in 1817 and continued by Valadier under Pius VII in 1821, with new capitals and with travertine masonry, distinguishable from the original. The restoration was a model for the country side of Porta Pia.〔〔''The Buildings of Europe: Rome'', page 33, Christopher Woodward, 1995; ISBN 0-7190-4032-9.〕
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